Living organism — definition?
A biological system carrying out life processes.
Characteristics of living organisms?
Growth, reproduction, response, regulation, cells.
Variety of living organisms — meaning?
Wide range of different life forms in nature.
Classification — purpose?
Grouping organisms by shared features.
Cell — basic unit?
Structural and functional unit of life.
Organelle — role?
Carries out specific functions inside a cell.
Tissue — definition?
Group of similar cells working together.
Organ — example?
Heart, stomach.
Organ system — function?
Group of organs working together for a major function.
Cell wall — presence?
Only in plant cells, provides support.
Cytoplasm — location?
Fluid inside the cell where reactions occur.
Mitochondria — function?
Carry out respiration to release energy.
Lactic acid — produced by?
Fermentation of lactose, lowers pH.
Ethanol — produced during?
Anaerobic respiration by yeast.
Cell membrane — role?
Controls substances entering and leaving the cell.
Diffusion — mechanism?
Particles move down a concentration gradient.
Osmosis — process?
Water moves across a membrane from high to low water potential.
Active transport — mechanism?
Movement against concentration gradient using energy.
Aerobic respiration — products?
Energy, carbon dioxide, water.
Gas exchange — where?
Alveoli in lungs, across cell membranes.
Hypotonic solution — effect?
Water enters cells, they swell.
Hypertonic solution — effect?
Water leaves cells, they shrink.
Fertilisation — in plants?
Fusion of gametes to form seed.
Fertilisation — in humans?
Sperm fuses with egg to form zygote.
Answer 24 questions on Fundamentals of Living Organisms and Processes.
1. Which statement best describes a living organism?
2. What is classification in biology?
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