What is cellular respiration?
The process in which glucose is burned in mitochondria and converted into carbon dioxide, water, and other waste products.
Into what forms is glucose’s chemical energy converted during cellular respiration?
Kinetic and thermal energy.
How do heterotrophic organisms obtain glucose?
Through their food.
How do autotrophic plants obtain glucose?
They produce it themselves.
Which gases and substances do plants use to produce glucose, and where do they obtain them?
Carbon dioxide comes from the air through leaves, and water comes from the soil through roots.
What gas do plants also produce while making glucose?
Oxygen gas.
Where do plants produce glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis?
In the chloroplasts.
In which direction do plant stems and leaves grow?
Toward sunlight.
Through which plant structures do leaves exchange gases with their surroundings?
The leaves.
What is a stoma?
An opening between guard cells for gas exchange.
What do turgid guard cells do to the stoma?
They curve apart and open it.
What happens to guard cells during drought?
They become less turgid and move closer together.
What can guard cells do to a stoma during drought?
They close it.
What two transformations does cellular respiration involve?
A transformation of substances and a transformation of energy.
What happens to carbon dioxide and water when plants produce glucose?
Plants convert them into energy-rich glucose.
Which sugars do some plants make from glucose as energy reserves?
Sucrose and starch.
When can plants convert stored sucrose and starch back into glucose?
When energy is lacking.
Which energy forms are produced from sunlight during photosynthesis?
Chemical energy and heat.
What role does photosynthesis-produced glucose serve in cellular respiration?
It provides fuel.
How is some oxygen produced by photosynthesis released from plants?
Through the leaves into the air.
Which sources provide plants with glucose for cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis or reserves such as starch.
How do plants obtain oxygen for cellular respiration?
From photosynthesis or from the air through their leaves.
Where does cellular respiration take place in plants?
In the mitochondria.
Which gases are released into the air through leaves after cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What do climbing stems enable some plants to do for better sunlight capture?
They rise above other plants.
What sunlight-related advantage do climbing stems provide to some plants?
They capture more sunlight.
How does a spread-out or opposite leaf arrangement prevent shading?
It keeps leaves from lying in the shade of other leaves.
What arrangement can prevent leaves from lying in the shade of other leaves?
A spread-out or opposite arrangement.
Why do leaves usually appear greener on their upper surface?
It receives more sunlight and contains more chloroplasts.
Which leaf surface usually contains more chloroplasts?
The upper surface.
Which leaf surface receives more sunlight?
The upper surface.
Where are stomata found on plant leaves?
On the lower surface.
What can plant leaf stomata do?
They can open and close.
Answer 11 questions on Plant Energy and Gas Exchange.
1. A cell breaks down glucose during cellular respiration. Which energy transformation occurs in this process?
2. A student describes cellular respiration in a cell as glucose being converted into waste products while its stored energy changes form. Which classification best describes the process?
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