Sexual Reproduction in Living Organisms

From the study guide

Reproduction in Animals and Plants - Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Reproduction ensures species continuity via gamete union and fertilization.
  • Main life stages: larva, juvenile, adult.
  • Gametes: female (ovule), male (spermatozoid).
  • Fertilization: union of gametes forming a zygote.
  • Reproductive modes: oviparous (eggs outside), viviparous (inside).
  • Fertilization: internal (inside female), external (environment).
  • Animal reproduction involves mating (accouplement) and sperm transfer.
  • Plant reproduction involves pollination, fertilization, seed development, germination.
  • External fertilization releases many gametes to increase survival.
  • Flower structures facilitate pollination and fertilization.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

  • Gametes — reproductive cells: ovule (female), spermatozoid (male).
  • Zygote — fertilized egg, begins development.
  • Ovary — contains ovules in plants.
  • Pollen — male gametophyte in plants.
  • Flower parts:
    • Stamen — produces pollen.
    • Pistil — contains ovules.
  • Fertilization structures:
    • Pollen tube — guides sperm to ovule.
  • Reproductive tract — in animals, transports sperm to egg.

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Practice quiz preview

1. What is the primary purpose of sexual reproduction in living organisms?

2. Which of the following correctly describes a reproductive mode where the embryo develops outside the mother's body?

3. In flowering plants, what is the process called where pollen is transferred to the ovule, leading to seed formation?

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Flashcard preview

Reproduction — purpose?

Species continuity through gamete union.

Fertilization — mechanism?

Union of ovule and spermatozoid.

Oviparous vs viviparous — difference?

Oviparous lay eggs outside, viviparous develop inside.

Reproduction — purpose?

Ensures species continuity via gamete union.

Gametes — types?

Female: ovule; Male: spermatozoid.

Fertilization — union of?

Gametes forming a zygote.

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