Understanding Chemical Equilibrium

From the study guide

Chemical Equilibrium Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Chemical equilibrium: State where concentrations of react and products remain constant over time in a reversible reaction.
  • Reversible reactions: Reactions that proceed in both forward and reverse directions.
  • Dynamic process: Reactions continue to occur, but net concentrations are unchanged.
  • Equilibrium constant (Kc): Ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, each raised to their stoichiometric powers.
  • Expression for Kc: For aA+bB↔cC+dDaA + bB \leftrightarrow cC + dD,
    K_c = \frac{[C]^c [D]^d}{[A]^a [B]^b} 
    
  • Magnitude of Kc:
    • Kc≫1K_c \gg 1: Equilibrium favors products.
    • Kc≪1K_c \ll 1: Equilibrium favors reactants.
    • Kc≈1K_c \approx 1: Both reactants and products are present in significant amounts.
  • Le Châtelier’s Principle: System at equilibrium shifts to counteract any disturbance.
  • Factors affecting equilibrium:
    • Changes in concentration
    • Temperature variations
    • Pressure (for gases)
    • Catalysts (speed up but do not shift equilibrium)

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Practice quiz preview

1. What does the equilibrium constant (Kc) indicate about a chemical reaction?

2. According to Le Châtelier’s principle, what happens when the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased?

3. How does increasing pressure affect the equilibrium of a gaseous reaction?

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Flashcard preview

Le Châtelier’s principle — effect?

System shifts to counteract disturbances to restore equilibrium.

Chemical equilibrium — definition?

State where reactant and product concentrations remain constant.

Kc — role?

Expresses the ratio of concentrations at equilibrium.

Chemical equilibrium — definition?

State with constant concentrations over time.

Reversible reactions — difference?

Proceed in both forward and reverse directions.

Equilibrium constant (Kc) — role?

Shows ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the Understanding Chemical Equilibrium study guide cover?

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The practice quiz has 10 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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