Systems — types?
Open, closed, and isolated.
Equilibrium — conditions?
Uniform pressure and temperature.
Variables — types?
Extensive: U, V; Intensive: p, T.
System types — examples?
Closed, open, isolated.
Equilibrium — requirement?
No macroscopic change; uniform pressure, temperature.
Equation of State — ideal gas?
pV = nRT.
Cycle — definition?
Initial and final states identical.
Maximum efficiency — cycle?
Carnot cycle: η = 1 - Tf/Tc.
Latent heat — during phase change?
Energy absorbed or released.
Adiabatic process — heat transfer?
No heat transfer (Q=0).
Answer 10 questions on Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Systems.
1. What is the primary difference between a closed and an open thermodynamic system?
2. Which of the following conditions are necessary for a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium?
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