Beliefs about intelligence shape goals and responses to learning difficulty.
1. What does mindset theory propose about people’s beliefs and learning when they face a challenge?
2. Which period does Carol Dweck’s research underlying mindset theory date back to?
3. A learner believes that success in language learning depends on being born with a natural gift. Which mindset does this belief express?
According to Carol Dweck, what do implicit beliefs about intelligence influence when learning becomes challenging?
People’s goals and behavior.
Who put forward mindset theory?
Carol Dweck.
What does a fixed mindset believe about intelligence and language-learning ability?
Both are fixed, and language-learning ability depends on an inborn natural gift.
What does a growth mindset believe about language-learning ability?
It can be developed through appropriate effort, learning strategies, and support.
Which researcher associated a growth mindset with perseverance during difficult learning?
Dweck.
What did some recent research find about growth-mindset interventions and mindset-theory claims?
They showed benefits but did not fulfill all claims made for mindset theory.
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