According to Carol Dweck, what do implicit beliefs about intelligence influence when learning becomes challenging?
People’s goals and behavior.
Who put forward mindset theory?
Carol Dweck.
What does a fixed mindset believe about intelligence and language-learning ability?
Both are fixed, and language-learning ability depends on an inborn natural gift.
What does a growth mindset believe about language-learning ability?
It can be developed through appropriate effort, learning strategies, and support.
Which researcher associated a growth mindset with perseverance during difficult learning?
Dweck.
What did some recent research find about growth-mindset interventions and mindset-theory claims?
They showed benefits but did not fulfill all claims made for mindset theory.
According to Professor Sherria Hoskins, what must learners have to improve after failure?
Different strategies and support when they make mistakes.
According to Professor Sherria Hoskins, why is telling learners to try harder insufficient?
Improvement after failure is unlikely without different strategies and support.
What must educators change before expecting learners to set challenging goals and persevere through difficulty?
Their implicit beliefs about intelligence.
When are growth-mindset programmes less likely to be effective?
When they use a one-size-fits-all approach instead of recognizing individual learners’ needs.
Which researcher’s work underpins mindset theory, and from what decade?
Carol Dweck’s research from the 1980s.
Why may people with a fixed mindset give up when language learning becomes difficult?
They see little incentive to continue if they believe they cannot improve.
Why are people with a growth mindset more likely to persevere through difficulty?
They believe obstacles can be overcome.
What does research suggest interventions can help learners develop?
A growth mindset.
What did Carol Dweck say about the robustness of the research evidence?
The research evidence remained robust.
What did Carol Dweck say had been underestimated in some cases?
The complexities of putting the theory into classroom practice.
What belief is needed for someone to change behavior long term after being told to work differently?
Belief in the potential benefits of changing.
What can offset a language learner’s limited aptitude?
Hard work, good learning strategies, and a supportive environment.
What do researchers widely accept about abilities and skills?
They can grow under the right conditions.
How may people differ in aptitude for activities such as language learning?
They may have greater or lesser aptitude.
Answer 10 questions on Mindset Theory in Language Learning.
1. What does mindset theory propose about people’s beliefs and learning when they face a challenge?
2. Which period does Carol Dweck’s research underlying mindset theory date back to?
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