Refractory periods — purpose?
Prevent premature contractions and re-entry arrhythmias.
Conduction pathway — sequence?
SA node → atria → AV node → Bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
Cardiac action potential — phase 2?
Plateau phase due to Ca²⁺ influx balancing K⁺ efflux.
Conduction pathway order?
SA node, atria, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, ventricles.
SA node — role?
Heart's natural pacemaker, initiates impulses.
Atrial conduction — function?
spreads electrical activity through atria.
AV node — delay purpose?
Allows atrial contraction before ventricles.
Bundle of His — function?
Transmits impulses from AV node to bundle branches.
Purkinje fibers — role?
Distribute impulses rapidly to ventricles.
Cardiac action potential — phase 0?
Na⁺ influx causes rapid depolarisation.
Answer 10 questions on Cardiac Electrical Physiology and Arrhythmias.
1. What is the conduction pathway in the heart?
2. During which ionic movement does Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential primarily occur?
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