Drug Administration Routes Practice Quiz (24 questions)

Explanation

A subcutaneous injection deposits the drug in the tissue beneath the skin. Intravenous injection enters systemic circulation, while intramuscular injection deposits the drug in muscle.

Explanation

Injection powders require reconstitution before use, and injection preparations must be sterile. Diluting after use reverses the preparation step, while administering a nonsterile product or unreconstituted powder conflicts with these requirements.

Explanation

An intravenous infusion delivers a large volume slowly at a constant rate. An intravenous injection is a small volume given rapidly at one time; the other routes do not describe intravenous delivery.

Explanation

Intravenous administration delivers the entire dose directly to the bloodstream, resulting in 100% bioavailability. Gastrointestinal absorption and tissue deposition are not direct delivery of the full dose into blood.

Explanation

A subcutaneous injection delivers solutions or suspensions into loose connective and adipose tissue immediately beneath the skin. Intramuscular injections enter relaxed muscle, intradermal injections enter between skin layers, and intravenous injections enter a vein.

Explanation

An intramuscular injection places aqueous solutions, oil solutions, or suspensions directly into relaxed muscle. Subcutaneous and intradermal routes place medication in skin-associated tissues, while intra-arterial injection delivers it into an artery.

Explanation

Intramuscular injections can accommodate up to 2 ml and can produce a faster onset than subcutaneous injections. The subcutaneous route has a lower volume capacity, while the other options are not the route described by this comparison.

Explanation

Intradermal injections place about 0.1 ml between the epidermis and dermis and are often used for allergy or immunity diagnostic tests. Subcutaneous injections enter tissue beneath the skin, intramuscular injections enter muscle, and intra-arterial injections enter an artery.

Explanation

An intra-arterial injection can target an organ or tissue supplied by that artery, but rapid arterial blood flow disperses the drug quickly and technical difficulties limit use. Slow flow, lack of targeting, and capillary passage do not describe the stated route.

Explanation

An oral medicine can act locally in the gastrointestinal tract or produce a systemic effect after absorption and delivery to its site of action. Calling the antacid systemic confuses its site of action with drug delivery, while the other choices incorrectly assume oral drugs share one effect type.

Explanation

Oral administration is simple, convenient, safe, and inexpensive, but its onset is relatively slow and gastrointestinal absorption may be irregular; enzymes can also destroy some drugs. The rapid-onset and predictable-absorption choices confuse convenience with performance, while sterile administration is not an oral-route requirement.

Explanation

The first-pass effect occurs because orally absorbed drugs pass through the liver before entering general circulation, where hepatic metabolism may reduce their effect. Gastrointestinal enzyme destruction occurs in the gut, while irregular absorption and chelation describe different oral-route issues.

Explanation

Buccal administration can be useful in vomiting patients and can bypass first-pass metabolism, but any portion that is swallowed is treated as an oral dose and may undergo first-pass metabolism. The swallowed portion does not retain the buccal route, and buccal administration accommodates only small doses.

Explanation

Saliva facilitates drug dissolution, while the highly vascular tongue and buccal cavity facilitate absorption. Blood supply supports absorption rather than dissolution, and the mouth's relatively neutral pH—not stomach acidity—is relevant to buccal drug stability.

Explanation

Transdermal delivery crosses the skin to produce a systemic effect and can avoid first-pass metabolism and digestive juices. Local topical treatment is the related but distinct route; oral and rectal administration do not deliver the drug through the skin.

Explanation

A transdermal patch delivers a controlled dose over a specified time period. Creams, ointments, and irrigation solutions are topical preparations rather than the described controlled-dose patch.

Explanation

Most veins draining the rectum lead directly to general circulation, reducing first-pass effect, and rectal administration can be considered when oral dosing is unsuitable. Predictable absorption is a misconception because rectal absorption can be irregular; direct entry into general circulation does not mean the drug avoids systemic circulation.

Explanation

Vaginal preparations are used for local effects, including treatment of vaginal infection. Rectal administration may have local or systemic effects, while transdermal delivery is intended to produce systemic effects.

Explanation

For a local effect such as treating asthma, inhalation can achieve the desired effect with a much smaller dose than oral administration, reducing side effects. The larger-dose choices reverse the dose relationship, while increased side effects reverses the stated consequence.

Explanation

Particles larger than 20 microns impact in the mouth and throat instead of proceeding further. Placing them in the lower airways or lung vessels assumes they pass the stated threshold, while the nasal cavity is not the specified impact location.

Explanation

Eye products should be sterile and discarded four weeks after opening. A clear appearance or refrigeration does not replace that discard interval, and extending use for another week exceeds it.

Explanation

When both products are used, the drops should be administered 10 minutes before the ointment. Applying ointment first reverses the order, and the 5- or 20-minute intervals do not match the recommended interval.

Explanation

Ear drops are used for local effects such as treating ear infections or earwax. Systemic treatment and reduced first-pass metabolism describe other purposes or route characteristics, while nasal congestion concerns a different site.

Explanation

For an adult, the affected ear faces upward and the earlobe is held up and back; the head remains tilted for several minutes before excess liquid is wiped away. Holding the lobe down and back is the child’s position, facing the ear downward is incorrect, and straightening immediately skips the waiting step.