What is the rank of malignant ovarian tumors among gynecologic malignancies?
They are the second most common gynecologic malignancy after endometrial cancer.
What is the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women?
About 1 in 70 women develop ovarian cancer in their lifetime.
What are the main WHO 2020 categories of malignant ovarian tumors?
Epithelial tumors, germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and metastatic tumors.
How do high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas differ genetically?
High-grade has TP53 mutation; low-grade has KRAS or BRAF mutation.
Ovarian tumor risk factors?
BRCA mutations, Lynch syndrome, family history, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, endometriosis, obesity, hormone therapy.
Most common ovarian tumor type?
Epithelial tumors at 90%.
High-grade serous carcinoma?
Aggressive, TP53 mutation, common subtype.
Tumor marker for ovarian cancer?
CA-125.
Proposed origin of high-grade serous?
Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC).
Germ-cell tumors types?
Dysgerminoma, yolk-sac, immature teratoma, choriocarcinoma.
Protective factors against ovarian cancer?
Oral contraceptives, multiparity, breastfeeding, tubal ligation.
Answer 11 questions on Malignant Ovarian Tumors.
1. What is the epidemiologic relationship between malignant ovarian tumors and other gynecologic malignancies?
2. Why are ovarian cancers frequently diagnosed at stages III–IV?
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