★ Must-know
A water molecule has a slightly skewed tetrahedral geometry, with oxygen at the center and a 105° angle between its hydrogen atoms.
Water’s high dielectric constant decreases the attraction between charged particles compared with water-free environments of lower dielectric constant, enabling water to dissolve large quantities of salts.
Further detail
1. At 25°C, a salt is placed in a medium with a dielectric constant of 24.3 rather than water. Which statements correctly describe the comparison?
2. A liquid contains water molecules forming hydrogen bonds. Which statements correctly describe these bonds?
3. A chemist compares the hydrogen-bonding roles of several functional groups and the properties of water. Which statements are correct?
What angle separates the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule?
105°.
What is a dipole?
A molecule with electrical charge distributed asymmetrically across its structure.
What accepts a hydrogen bond from a partially unshielded hydrogen in water’s hydrogen-bond definition?
An unshared electron pair on another oxygen or nitrogen atom.
How many other water molecules associate with each liquid water molecule on average?
3.5 other water molecules.
What regions characterize most amphipathic biomolecules?
Charged or polar regions and hydrophobic regions.
Where do proteins place hydrophobic side chains?
In their interior.
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