★ Must-know
📌 A peptic ulcer may occur when aggressive factors exceed defensive factors.
The aggressive factors are: acid, pepsin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, stress, smoking
The defensive factors are:
Further detail
1. A lesion is identified in the duodenal mucosa. What type of peptic ulcer is it?
2. In a patient, acid and other aggressive influences outweigh the mucosal defenses. What can result from this imbalance?
3. A drug blocks the H+/K+ ATPase proton pump on gastric parietal cells. Which process is directly reduced?
What is a peptic ulcer?
A break in the stomach or duodenal mucosa.
When may a peptic ulcer occur?
When aggressive factors exceed defensive factors.
Which pump do gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine stimulate to secrete gastric acid?
The H+/K+ ATPase proton pump.
Which second messengers are included in the gastric acid secretion pathway?
Calcium, protein kinases, and cAMP.
Which drugs are H2 antagonists?
Cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine, and famotidine.
How do H2 antagonists reduce gastric acid secretion?
They block histamine H2 receptors.
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