★ Must-know
Metals are generally shiny, good conductors of electricity and heat, easy to bend or hammer into sheets, and solid at room temperature.
Examples of nonmetals that are gases at room temperature are:
When magnesium, zinc, and copper are combined with hydrochloric acid, magnesium produces many bubbles, zinc produces some bubbles, and copper appears to produce none.
Further detail
📌 Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.
Metalloids are solid at room temperature, have characteristics of metals and nonmetals, are not as brittle as nonmetals, and conduct electric current less well than metals.
The semiconducting properties of metalloids such as boron and silicon make them useful in computer chips.
1. A sample is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and contains just one type of atom. What is the sample classified as?
2. Equal amounts of magnesium, zinc, and copper are separately placed in hydrochloric acid. Which observation indicates the strongest reaction?
3. What did most scientists agree about elements and atoms by the mid-1800s?
What is an element?
A pure substance containing one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
By the mid-1800s, what unique constituent did scientists assign to each element?
A unique type of atom.
How did mid-1800s scientists model atoms, and how did they differ?
As tiny, indivisible balls differing only in mass.
What are the two classifications of matter?
Pure substances and mixtures.
Which particles are in the nucleus, and which surround it?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons surround it.
What does an element’s atomic number identify?
The element.
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