1. A student has completed 30% of a project goal. Which feedback is most likely to support the student’s self-efficacy and perseverance?
2. In a class project, Maya believes she can succeed only if her classmates succeed too. Which goal structure describes her belief?
3. What do goal orientations describe?
What does progress-focused feedback enhance, according to Bandura, 1997?
Self-efficacy and perseverance.
What reasons and standards define goal orientations?
Reasons for pursuing goals and standards for evaluating progress.
Which source identifies mastery and performance goal orientations?
Urdan & Kaplan, 2020.
Which 2016 study found progress feedback improved third-graders’ writing fluency beyond goal setting alone?
Koenig et al., 2016.
What do expectancy × value theories identify as the basis of motivation?
Expectancy of reaching a goal and the value placed on it.
What does a student’s expectancy for success describe?
Their belief about how well they will perform on an upcoming task.
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